Advanced CNC Machine Processes

Course Description

ETI2412C – Advanced CNC Machine Processes is a 3-credit-hour lecture/laboratory course in the Engineering Technologies > Industrial Systems Technology taxonomy of the Florida Statewide Course Numbering System (SCNS). Building on foundational CNC knowledge, this course provides in-depth instruction in advanced Computer Numerical Control (CNC) programming, multi-axis machining strategies, and the integration of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software for complex part production. Students apply advanced G-code and M-code programming techniques, perform machine setup and operation on CNC milling centers and turning centers, and use industry-standard CAM software to generate, verify, and optimize toolpaths. Laboratory activities use machinery and materials commonly found in the modern machine tool industry. Safe work practices are emphasized throughout all lab activities.

Learning Outcomes

Required Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Write, edit, and verify advanced G-code and M-code CNC programs for milling and turning operations by hand and using CAM software.
• Set up, operate, and adjust CNC vertical machining centers (VMCs) and CNC turning centers to produce parts to specified tolerances.
• Apply CAD/CAM software (e.g., Mastercam, Fusion 360, or SolidWorks CAM) to create part geometry, generate toolpaths, and post-process CNC programs.
• Develop and document process plans for CNC operations, including sequence of operations, work-holding selection, and cutting-tool selection.
• Perform precision measurement and inspection of machined parts using appropriate metrology tools (micrometers, calipers, CMM techniques) and verify conformance to engineering drawings.
• Interpret engineering drawings and GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) symbols to determine machining requirements and acceptable tolerances.
• Apply safe laboratory practices consistent with industry standards, including proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), machine guarding, and hazard identification.
• Troubleshoot and correct program errors, tooling problems, and setup issues on CNC equipment during production runs.

Optional Learning Outcomes

Depending on institutional offerings and available equipment, students may also be able to:

• Program and operate 4th- and 5th-axis CNC machining centers using rotary axis strategies and indexed machining techniques.
• Create and apply parametric/macro programming (e.g., Fanuc custom macros) for families of parts and repetitive operations.
• Set up and operate Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) equipment for non-traditional material removal processes.
• Perform reverse engineering techniques using 3D scanning or CAD reconstruction to reproduce or modify existing parts.
• Demonstrate proficiency in high-speed machining (HSM) strategies, including optimized feed rates, toolpath smoothing, and surface finish improvement.
• Apply Statistical Process Control (SPC) methods and quality documentation practices to CNC production outputs.

Major Topics

Required Topics

• Advanced G-code & M-code Programming: Canned cycles, subroutines, coordinate system transformations (G54–G59), tool length/radius compensation (G41/G42/G43), and program optimization.
• CAD/CAM Software Integration: Importing CAD geometry, creating and editing toolpaths (2D contour, pocket, drilling, 3D surface), simulating material removal, and post-processing to machine-ready code.
• CNC Milling Operations: Advanced setup of vertical machining centers including work-holding fixtures, tooling systems (end mills, face mills, drills, boring bars), and spindle/feed parameter selection.
• CNC Turning Operations: Advanced lathe programming including threading cycles, grooving, boring, and live-tooling concepts on turning centers.
• Process Planning: Operation sequencing, fixture and tooling selection, speeds/feeds/depth-of-cut calculations, and setup documentation for production machining.
• Blueprint Reading & GD&T: Interpretation of multi-view engineering drawings, tolerances, surface finish callouts, and GD&T symbols (flatness, perpendicularity, true position, etc.).
• Precision Measurement & Quality Control: Use of precision instruments (micrometers, dial indicators, bore gauges, height gauges), part inspection against drawing specifications, and first-article inspection concepts.
• Workplace Safety: Machine guarding, lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures, chip and coolant hazards, and OSHA-aligned safe practices in the machining environment.
• Cutting Tool Technology: Tool materials (carbide, HSS, ceramic, CBN), tool geometry, insert grades and coatings, tool life, and cutting fluid application.
• Troubleshooting & Machine Maintenance: Diagnosing program alarms, tooling failures, dimensional errors, and performing routine CNC machine preventive maintenance.

Optional Topics

• Multi-Axis Machining (4th/5th Axis): Rotary axis indexing, simultaneous 4-axis toolpaths, and introduction to 5-axis positioning strategies and collision avoidance.
• Parametric/Macro Programming: Variable-based programming, conditional logic, and looping constructs for automated part-family machining.
• Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM): Principles of wire EDM and sinker EDM, setup, and applications for hard materials and complex geometries.
• High-Speed Machining (HSM) Strategies: Toolpath optimization for cycle time reduction, trochoidal milling, and surface quality improvement techniques.
• Statistical Process Control (SPC): Control charts, Cp/Cpk indices, and documentation practices aligned with manufacturing quality systems (ISO 9001 awareness).
• Introduction to Additive/Hybrid Manufacturing: Overview of 3D printing processes as they relate to and complement CNC subtractive manufacturing.
• Reverse Engineering: Use of CMM data or 3D scan data to reconstruct CAD models and generate CNC programs for reproduction of legacy parts.

Resources & Tools

• CNC Equipment: Haas VF-series Vertical Machining Centers, Haas TL/ST-series CNC Turning Centers (or equivalent industrial CNC machinery)
• CAD/CAM Software: Mastercam, Autodesk Fusion 360, or SolidWorks CAM (industry-standard platforms common across Florida college labs)
• CNC Simulation Software: Vericut, NC Simul, or controller-embedded simulation for program verification prior to cutting
• Metrology Tools: Digital micrometers, Vernier calipers, dial test indicators, height gauges, and surface plates
• Reference Texts: Machinery's Handbook (Industrial Press); manufacturer-specific programming and operation manuals (e.g., Fanuc, Haas control documentation)
• Online Resources: Titans of CNC Academy (free CNC training modules), Autodesk CAM learning resources, NIMS (National Institute for Metalworking Skills) study materials
• Safety Standards: OSHA 29 CFR 1910 General Industry standards; ANSI B11 machine tool safety standards

Career Pathways

Graduates of ETI2412C are prepared to pursue or advance in the following occupational roles, particularly within Florida's growing aerospace, defense, marine, and advanced manufacturing sectors:

• CNC Machinist / CNC Operator — Set up and operate multi-axis CNC equipment in production environments
• CNC Programmer — Develop and optimize CNC programs using CAD/CAM software for complex part production
• Manufacturing Technician / Process Technician — Support production operations, tooling management, and process improvement
• Quality Control / Inspection Technician — Perform dimensional inspection and first-article verification of machined components
• Tool & Die Technician — Fabricate and maintain precision tooling, fixtures, and dies using advanced CNC equipment
• CAD/CAM Specialist — Generate and manage CNC toolpath programs in engineering or manufacturing engineering roles

This course also provides a pathway toward the Engineering Technology A.S. degree at multiple Florida colleges, and credits may stack toward advanced certificates in industrial systems, mechatronics, or automated manufacturing.

Special Information

Certification Preparation

Content in ETI2412C aligns with preparation for the following nationally recognized industry certifications:

• NIMS (National Institute for Metalworking Skills) — CNC Milling: Operations Level I & II; CNC Turning: Operations Level I & II; CNC Programming credentials
• MSSC Certified Production Technician (CPT) — Manufacturing processes and quality systems components
• Autodesk Certified Professional: Fusion 360 — CAM/machining pathway (where Fusion 360 is the adopted CAM platform)
• Certified SolidWorks Associate (CSWA) / Professional (CSWP) — Where SolidWorks CAM is integrated into the course

Students should consult their program advisor regarding exam fee reimbursement opportunities and articulation agreements that may allow certificate credits to transfer toward an Associate in Science degree at a Florida College System institution.

Lab & Physical Requirements

This is a combined lecture/laboratory course (denoted by the "C" suffix in the course ID). Students should be prepared for hands-on work in a machine shop environment. The ability to lift up to 50 lbs and work safely around industrial CNC equipment is expected. Appropriate closed-toe shoes and safety glasses are required in the lab at all times.