Developmental Mathematics II (Elementary Algebra)
MAT0028C — MAT0028C
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Course Description
MAT0028C – Developmental Mathematics II is a developmental (below-college-level) mathematics course covering elementary algebra. Topics typically include real-number operations and properties; linear equations and inequalities in one variable; the Cartesian coordinate system; graphing linear equations; systems of linear equations; integer and rational exponents; polynomial operations and factoring; rational expressions; introductory radical expressions; and an introduction to quadratic equations. The course prepares students for college-level mathematics — typically MAT1033 (Intermediate Algebra) at institutions that still require it, or MAC1105 (College Algebra) at institutions that have eliminated MAT1033 from the standard sequence.
The course sits within the Florida Statewide Course Numbering System (SCNS) under Mathematics > Developmental Mathematics and is offered at approximately 21 Florida public institutions. The 0xxx SCNS prefix indicates the course is below college level — credits do not count toward Associate or Bachelor's degrees in Florida public institutions, though courses may be assigned institutional credit (typically 4 institutional hours, used for tuition calculation, financial-aid full-time-status determination, and similar institutional purposes).
Important context: Under Florida Senate Bill 1720 (2013), students who entered Florida public high schools in 2003 or later and earned a standard Florida high-school diploma, or who served in active duty in the U.S. armed forces, are exempt from required developmental coursework in Florida public colleges. They may take MAT0028C voluntarily as preparation, or proceed directly to college-level mathematics. Students placed into MAT0028C through institutional placement testing typically benefit from the preparation, particularly if their high-school mathematics background is more than a few years past or if their algebra fluency has weakened. Students should consult an academic advisor about whether to take MAT0028C as preparation or proceed directly to college-level mathematics — the right answer depends on the student's specific circumstances, math background, and degree plan.
Learning Outcomes
Required Outcomes
Upon successful completion of MAT0028C, students will be able to:
- Perform operations with real numbers: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of integers, rational numbers, and decimals; properties of real numbers (commutative, associative, distributive, identity, inverse); order of operations.
- Apply principles of algebraic expressions: simplifying expressions; combining like terms; evaluating expressions for given values; translating verbal expressions to algebraic expressions.
- Solve linear equations in one variable: equations with integer, rational, and decimal coefficients; equations requiring distribution and combining like terms; equations with variables on both sides; solving formulas for a specified variable.
- Solve linear inequalities in one variable: solving inequalities; expressing solutions in interval notation and inequality notation; graphing solutions on a number line; the implications of multiplying or dividing by negative numbers.
- Apply linear equations and inequalities to solving applied problems: word problems involving numbers, ages, money, percent, geometry, and motion (distance-rate-time); setting up equations from problem statements.
- Work with the Cartesian coordinate system: plotting points; identifying quadrants; understanding the relationship between points and ordered pairs; the rectangular coordinate plane.
- Graph linear equations in two variables: x- and y-intercepts; slope; point-slope form; slope-intercept form; standard form; horizontal and vertical lines; parallel and perpendicular lines.
- Solve systems of linear equations in two variables: solution by graphing; solution by substitution; solution by elimination; recognition of consistent, inconsistent, and dependent systems; applied problems requiring systems of equations.
- Apply principles of integer and rational exponents: rules for products, quotients, and powers of exponential expressions; negative exponents; zero exponents; scientific notation.
- Perform operations with polynomials: addition, subtraction, multiplication of polynomials; FOIL method for binomial multiplication; special products (squares of binomials, difference of squares); polynomial division.
- Apply principles of polynomial factoring: greatest common factor (GCF); factoring trinomials; factoring difference of squares; factoring perfect-square trinomials; factoring by grouping; factoring sums and differences of cubes (where included).
- Perform operations with rational expressions: simplifying rational expressions; multiplying and dividing rational expressions; adding and subtracting rational expressions; the importance of restrictions on the variable.
- Apply introductory radical expressions: simplifying radical expressions; square roots; rationalizing denominators (introductory level).
- Solve quadratic equations at an introductory level: solving by factoring; solving by the square-root property; an introduction to the quadratic formula (full coverage typically reserved for MAT1033 or MAC1105).
- Apply quantitative reasoning and problem-solving in mathematical contexts: reading word problems carefully; identifying given and required information; setting up and solving algebraic equations; interpreting results in the context of the original problem.
- Use graphing calculators at an introductory level (where adopted by the institution) for graphing equations, evaluating expressions, and verifying solutions.
Optional Outcomes
- Apply introduction to functions: function notation; domain and range; vertical-line test (where included by the institution).
- Engage with introductory linear inequalities in two variables: graphing solutions; systems of linear inequalities.
- Engage with introductory exponential expressions: positive integer powers; growth concepts.
Major Topics
Required Topics
- Real Numbers and Algebraic Foundations: The real-number system; operations with integers, rational numbers, and decimals; properties of real numbers; order of operations; absolute value.
- Algebraic Expressions: Variables and expressions; simplifying expressions; combining like terms; evaluating expressions; translating verbal phrases to algebraic expressions.
- Linear Equations in One Variable: Equations with integer, rational, and decimal coefficients; equations with variables on both sides; equations requiring distribution; solving formulas for a specified variable; conditional equations, identities, and contradictions.
- Word Problems and Applications: Number, age, money, percent, geometry, and motion problems; setting up equations from problem statements; checking solutions in context.
- Linear Inequalities: Solving linear inequalities; interval notation; graphing solutions on a number line; compound inequalities (where included).
- The Coordinate Plane and Linear Equations: Plotting points; quadrants; graphing linear equations using x- and y-intercepts; slope as rate of change; point-slope, slope-intercept, and standard forms; horizontal and vertical lines; parallel and perpendicular lines.
- Systems of Linear Equations: Solution by graphing; solution by substitution; solution by elimination; consistent, inconsistent, and dependent systems; applied problems requiring systems of equations.
- Exponents and Scientific Notation: Product, quotient, and power rules; negative exponents; zero exponent; scientific notation and operations.
- Polynomial Operations: Addition, subtraction, multiplication of polynomials; FOIL method; special products (squares of binomials, difference of squares); polynomial division.
- Polynomial Factoring: Greatest common factor; factoring trinomials of the form x²+bx+c and ax²+bx+c; factoring difference of squares; factoring perfect-square trinomials; factoring by grouping.
- Rational Expressions: Simplifying rational expressions; multiplying and dividing rational expressions; adding and subtracting rational expressions; the importance of restrictions on the variable; introduction to solving rational equations.
- Introductory Radical Expressions: Simplifying radical expressions; square roots; introductory rationalizing of denominators.
- Introductory Quadratic Equations: Solving by factoring (zero-product property); solving by square-root property; introductory exposure to the quadratic formula.
Optional Topics
- Introduction to Functions: Function notation; domain and range; vertical-line test.
- Linear Inequalities in Two Variables: Graphing solutions; systems of linear inequalities.
- Introductory Exponentials: Positive integer powers; growth concepts at a basic level.
Resources & Tools
- Most-adopted textbooks at Florida institutions: Elementary and Intermediate Algebra by Bittinger, Beecher, Johnson (Pearson) — among the most widely-adopted developmental algebra textbooks; Beginning Algebra by Lial, Hornsby, McGinnis (Pearson); Elementary Algebra by McKeague (Cengage); Beginning & Intermediate Algebra by Tobey, Slater, Blair, Crawford (Pearson).
- Open-access alternatives: Elementary Algebra 2e from OpenStax (free, openstax.org/details/books/elementary-algebra-2e) — increasingly adopted at Florida institutions as a zero-textbook-cost option; the Khan Academy Algebra Basics modules (free); the Lumen Learning developmental math materials.
- Online learning platforms: Pearson MyLab Math (paired with Bittinger, Lial); McGraw-Hill Connect Math; ALEKS (widely adopted at Florida institutions for developmental math; provides personalized learning paths); Hawkes Learning; XYZ Homework.
- Calculators: Most institutions allow scientific (non-graphing) calculators on most exams; some allow graphing calculators (TI-83/84 family) for selected topics. Some institutions specify "no calculator" on selected portions of exams. Check the syllabus.
- Practice and reference resources: Khan Academy (free, comprehensive); the Math Antics YouTube channel (free, accessible); Paul's Online Math Notes (free, more advanced); Symbolab and Wolfram Alpha (paid/free tier; useful for verification, but should not replace fluency-building practice).
- Tutoring and support: Institution mathematics learning centers (typically free for enrolled students; among the most heavily-used institutional services); Supplemental Instruction (SI) sessions; faculty office hours; peer tutoring; institution-specific online tutoring (often via Brainfuse or similar platforms).
Career Pathways
MAT0028C is a developmental course that prepares students for college-level mathematics. As such, the relevant career pathways are those for which college-level mathematics is required preparation:
- Direct prerequisite path: MAT0028C → MAT1033 (Intermediate Algebra, where required) → MAC1105 (College Algebra) → STA2023 (Elementary Statistics), MAC1147 (Precalculus), or MAC2233 (Survey of Calculus).
- STEM career preparation: Students continuing through college-level mathematics gain access to the full Florida STEM career pipeline (engineering, computer science, biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, healthcare).
- Healthcare career preparation: Most Florida health-professions programs (nursing, pharmacy, allied health) require at least MAC1105 (College Algebra) or STA2023 (Elementary Statistics).
- Business career preparation: Florida business AS and BS programs typically require MAC1105 (College Algebra) and STA2023 (Elementary Statistics).
- Technical career preparation: Florida engineering-technology AS programs typically require at least MAT1033 or equivalent.
Successful completion of MAT0028C does not directly qualify students for a specific career — the value lies in the doors it opens by preparing for college-level mathematics.
Special Information
Florida Senate Bill 1720 and Developmental Math
Under Florida Senate Bill 1720 (2013), students entering Florida public high schools in 2003 or later who earned a standard Florida high-school diploma, or who served on active duty in the U.S. armed forces, are exempt from required developmental coursework at Florida College System institutions. These exempt students may:
- Choose to take MAT0028C voluntarily as preparation for college-level mathematics
- Proceed directly to college-level mathematics (MAT1033 or MAC1105) based on degree requirements and personal preference
Students placed into MAT0028C through institutional placement testing typically benefit from the preparation, particularly if their high-school mathematics background is more than a few years past or if their algebra fluency has weakened. Students should consult an academic advisor about whether to take MAT0028C as preparation or proceed directly to college-level mathematics. The right answer depends on the student's specific circumstances, math background, and degree plan.
Articulation and Transfer
MAT0028C does not transfer as college credit within the Florida public-college system, as the course is below college level. Some institutions assign 4 institutional credits for tuition calculation, financial-aid full-time-status determination, and similar purposes, but these credits do not count toward AA, AS, or BS degrees. Some institutions assign 0 institutional credits.
Prerequisites and Placement
Most institutions require MAT0018C (Developmental Mathematics I) with a minimum grade of C, or appropriate placement. Placement is typically determined by:
- Florida Postsecondary Education Readiness Test (PERT) score
- SAT or ACT mathematics score (often used as alternative placement)
- Institutional placement test
- Prior coursework or grade history
Specific placement requirements vary by institution and may have changed in recent years; students should consult their institution's most current placement policies.
Course Format and Workload
MAT0028C is typically a 4-institutional-credit-hour course meeting 4–5 hours per week for 15 weeks (totaling approximately 60 contact hours; some institutions use 75-hour structures with longer weekly meetings). Many institutions offer the course in compressed (8-week), accelerated, mastery-based (ALEKS or Hawkes-driven), and traditional (16-week) formats. Expect: weekly textbook reading and homework practice; weekly online practice (where adopted); 4–6 unit exams; a comprehensive final exam. Out-of-class workload typically runs 6–10 hours per week — mathematics fluency requires substantial repeated practice. Students who fell behind in earlier mathematics often need 8–12 hours per week of consistent practice to develop fluency. Active engagement with the institution math learning center is the single most reliable predictor of success.
Mastery and Self-Paced Formats
Many Florida institutions have moved toward mastery-based delivery of MAT0028C using ALEKS or Hawkes Learning. In these formats, students progress at their own pace through topics, demonstrating mastery before advancing. Some students complete the course in less than the traditional 15 weeks; others take longer. Mastery-based formats typically require the same total effort but distribute it differently across the term. Students should evaluate which format best matches their learning style.
Course Code Variations
Florida institutions consistently use MAT0028C for this course; the title is typically "Elementary Algebra," "Beginning Algebra," "Developmental Mathematics II," or similar. The course is consistently below college level (0xxx SCNS prefix). Some institutions offer the lecture-only variant MAT0028 (without the "C" laboratory designation) — the laboratory component typically refers to a required computer-based learning component (often ALEKS-driven) rather than a science-style wet lab.