Course Description
MVW2324 — Principal Applied Bassoon is the sophomore-level applied music course in bassoon for students whose principal instrument is bassoon. The course consists of weekly private one-on-one lessons with an applied bassoon faculty member, supported by daily individual practice, daily reed-making and reed-adjustment work, and concurrent participation in an allied ensemble. Like oboe, bassoon is a double-reed instrument for which most professional and serious collegiate players make their own reeds — reed-making is integrated into applied study from the freshman year, with sophomore-year students expected to be making reeds at a basic playing standard. The course extends the freshman foundation through more demanding etude literature (Milde, Weissenborn advanced studies, Oubradous), broader solo literature spanning Baroque through 20th/21st-century works, and growing exposure to standard orchestral excerpts.
This course is offered at approximately 25 Florida public colleges and universities. Florida State University identifies MV_2321–2326 as the sophomore principal applied music sequence; bassoon corresponds to the "4" in the score-order final digit (after flute = 1, oboe = 2, clarinet = 3).
The Statewide Course Numbering System (SCNS) encodes information about applied music courses in the digits of the course number. Following the convention documented by Florida State University's College of Music, the first digit indicates academic level (1 = freshman, 2 = sophomore, 3 = junior, 4 = senior), the second digit indicates the applied music placement (2 = secondary, 3 = principal, 4 = performance), the third digit repeats the first, and the fourth digit indicates the specific instrument within the prefix family.
For MVW2324, the prefix MVW denotes Applied Music: Woodwinds; 2 indicates sophomore level; 3 indicates principal placement; 2 repeats the academic level; and the final 4 places bassoon fourth in the woodwind score order (followed by saxophone = 5).
Learning Outcomes
Required Outcomes
Upon successful completion of MVW2324, students will be able to:
- Demonstrate refined tone production across the full standard sophomore bassoon range (low B-flat through high C or D above middle C, three-and-a-half octaves), with consistent intonation and balanced tone color.
- Apply refined embouchure with controlled lip pressure, jaw position, and consistent reed-mouthpiece relationship.
- Demonstrate functional reed-making competence: profile, tie, and finish reeds that play at a basic acceptable standard. Sophomore-year students typically make 3–6 reeds per week and play primarily on their own work.
- Perform all major and minor scales (harmonic and melodic) at increased tempo, full sophomore range, with refined articulation patterns.
- Perform arpeggios and chromatic scales across the full sophomore range.
- Apply varied articulation at sophomore standard: single-tongue at faster tempos, legato, marcato, staccato; introductory flicking technique (using the left thumb to assist tonguing in the upper register).
- Prepare and perform advanced etudes from standard sophomore literature: Weissenborn Method for Bassoon (Practical Bassoon-School Op. 8, Books 1–2); Milde Concert Studies Op. 26 (Books 1–2); Oubradous Études Mélodiques; Jancourt Method.
- Prepare and perform solo repertoire from at least three contrasting style periods: a Baroque sonata (Galliard Six Sonatas; Telemann Sonatas; Vivaldi Sonatas); a Classical concerto (Mozart Concerto in B-flat K. 191; Weber Concerto in F); and a 20th-century work (Hindemith Sonata; Saint-Saëns Sonata Op. 168; Tansman Sonatine; Bozza Récit, Sicilienne et Rondo).
- Demonstrate improving sight-reading at a level appropriate for chamber music and orchestral playing.
- Apply introductory orchestral excerpt study (Stravinsky The Rite of Spring opening; Mozart Symphony No. 41; Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 4 second movement; Ravel Boléro).
- Read fluently in both bass and tenor clef (standard for bassoon repertoire, with tenor clef used in upper-register passages).
- Perform a sophomore-level faculty jury demonstrating prepared scales, etudes, and solo repertoire from memory where required.
- Continue concurrent participation in allied ensembles (orchestra, wind ensemble, woodwind quintet).
Optional Outcomes
- Develop contrabassoon introductory technique (the bass member of the bassoon family, used in major orchestral works including Tchaikovsky, Mahler, Strauss).
- Engage in woodwind quintet or other chamber music as part of the regular workload.
- Develop refined reed-making consistency, with reeds increasingly suitable for orchestral and chamber-music demands.
- Perform a 20-minute sophomore recital with repertoire from at least three contrasting periods.
- Audition for the International Double Reed Society (IDRS) conferences and competitions, or summer festivals (Brevard, Sewanee).
Major Topics
Required Topics
- Refined Tone Production: Embouchure consistency across registers; voicing (tongue and oral-cavity adjustments); tonal balance from low to high registers; characteristic "warm" core to the bassoon sound.
- Reed-Making (Required): Tube cane selection and gouging; profiling using a profiler or knife; shaping (using bassoon shapes such as the Heckel B2 or Rieger 1A); tying onto the wire; soaking and finishing the reed by knife. Sophomore-year students typically make 3–6 reeds per week.
- Reed Adjustment: Diagnosing reed problems; adjusting reeds at sight using knife and plaque; reed life management (typically 3–6 weeks of professional-quality use per reed).
- Daily Technique Routine: Long tones across full range; scales (Pares-derived) with varied articulation; finger-technique exercises; flicking exercises (left thumb keys for upper register).
- Scale Studies: Full-range major, harmonic minor, and melodic minor scales with varied articulation patterns; chromatic scale to high C or D.
- Articulation Studies: Single-tongue speed development, legato, staccato; introduction to flicking technique (essential for clean attacks in the upper register).
- Foundational Etudes: Weissenborn Method for Bassoon Op. 8 (the foundational German-school text, Books 1–2 typical for freshman/sophomore); Milde Concert Studies Op. 26 (Books 1–2 at sophomore level); Oubradous Études Mélodiques; Jancourt Method.
- Baroque Repertoire: Galliard Six Sonatas; Telemann Sonata in F minor; Vivaldi Concertos (Vivaldi composed approximately 39 bassoon concertos — many freshman/sophomore-accessible).
- Classical Concerto Repertoire: Mozart Concerto in B-flat K. 191 (the foundational Classical-period bassoon work, expected of every serious bassoonist); Weber Concerto in F Op. 75.
- Romantic and 20th-Century Repertoire: Hindemith Sonata; Saint-Saëns Sonata Op. 168; Tansman Sonatine; Bozza Récit, Sicilienne et Rondo; Glinka Sonata; Boismortier; Crusell.
- Clef Reading: Bass clef (the primary clef for bassoon) and tenor clef (used in upper-register passages); some Baroque editions also use treble clef in selected passages.
- Equipment Awareness: Heckel-system bassoon (German system, dominant in U.S. and German orchestras) versus Buffet-system bassoon (French system, used in some European orchestras); reed-making tools; bocals (S-shaped metal pieces connecting reed to instrument; multiple bocal lengths affect intonation and response).
Optional Topics
- Contrabassoon: Introduction to the bass member of the bassoon family; embouchure adjustments for the larger reed and lower range; major orchestral excerpts (Mahler symphonies, Strauss Salome, Stravinsky The Rite of Spring).
- Orchestral Excerpts: Stravinsky The Rite of Spring opening (the most famous and demanding bassoon orchestral solo); Mozart Symphony No. 41 finale; Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 4 II; Ravel Boléro; Rimsky-Korsakov Scheherazade.
- Chamber Music: Woodwind quintet (Reicha, Hindemith, Nielsen, Carter Woodwind Quintet); bassoon and piano duo; bassoon and string quartet; trio sonatas with oboe.
- Advanced Reed-Making: Refined profile patterns; experimentation with different cane sources; American versus French scrape styles; bocal/reed combinations.
- Continuing Repertoire Survey: Awareness of standard concert and orchestral repertoire to be developed in upper-division study.
Resources & Tools
- Studio Faculty Member: Continuing 60-minute weekly lessons; bassoon specialists or, at smaller institutions, a double-reed faculty member who teaches both oboe and bassoon.
- Practice Facilities: Dedicated woodwind practice rooms with humidity control; reed-making bench access (most institutions provide a dedicated reed room with profilers, shapers, and reed-tying stations).
- Foundational Methods: Weissenborn Method for Bassoon Op. 8 (the foundational pedagogical text); Christopher Weait Bassoon Strategies for the Next Level; Norman Herzberg recordings and writings; Arthur Weisberg The Art of Wind Playing.
- Etude Books: Weissenborn Op. 8 (Books 1–2); Milde Concert Studies Op. 26; Oubradous Études Mélodiques; Jancourt Method; Stravinsky-derived contemporary etudes.
- Solo Repertoire Editions: Standard editions for Mozart Concerto (Bärenreiter, Henle); Weber Concerto (Bärenreiter); Hindemith Sonata (Schott); Saint-Saëns Sonata (Durand).
- Reed-Making Equipment: Personal investment of $500–$1,000 over freshman/sophomore years for profiler (or profiling knife), shapers, mandrel, plaque, beeswax, wire, second-cut tools.
- Equipment: Quality intermediate or professional bassoon (Heckel, Fox, Moosmann, Schreiber, or Yamaha professional models; institutional loaner instruments are common given $15,000–$30,000+ replacement cost for top-tier instruments); bocal selection (multiple lengths for intonation tuning, $400–$800 each).
- Studio Class: Weekly group meeting for performance practice, peer feedback, masterclass discussion, often including reed-making clinics.
- Jury Committee: Sophomore juries typically expect longer programs and a wider stylistic range than freshman juries.
- International Double Reed Society (IDRS): Professional organization providing the Double Reed journal, annual conferences, competitions, and pedagogical resources.
Career Pathways
- Music Educator (K–12, post-completion of BME and Florida teacher certification through FTCE Music K–12).
- Performing Musician in regional orchestras, opera and ballet pit orchestras, theatre productions, jazz ensembles, and chamber groups. Florida hosts the Florida Orchestra (Tampa Bay), Naples Philharmonic, Jacksonville Symphony, Orlando Philharmonic, Sarasota Orchestra, Palm Beach Symphony, Florida Grand Opera, and the Sarasota Opera.
- Theme Park & Entertainment Performer at Walt Disney World, Universal Orlando, SeaWorld Orlando, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, and Disney Cruise Line.
- Cruise Ship Musician for vessels homeporting at Florida's major embarkation ports (PortMiami, Port Canaveral, Port Everglades, Port Tampa Bay, Jacksonville).
- Worship and Liturgical Musician for churches across Florida's metro and rural communities.
- Private Studio Teacher, often credentialed through the Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) or instrument-specific Florida professional associations.
- Military Musician with U.S. Armed Forces premier bands or regional service bands (audition required; competitive).
- Studio Recording & Session Work, particularly in the Miami, Orlando, and Tampa recording markets.
Students intending to pursue performance professionally should plan on completing a Bachelor of Music (BM) in Performance at a Florida university — typically Florida State University, University of Florida, University of Miami (Frost), University of Central Florida, University of South Florida, University of West Florida, Florida Atlantic University, Florida International University, Florida Gulf Coast University, or Florida A&M University — and continuing to graduate study or competitive auditions.
Bassoon graduates have additional career destinations specific to the instrument: regional orchestral positions (Florida Orchestra, Jacksonville Symphony, Sarasota Orchestra, Naples Philharmonic, Orlando Philharmonic each have one principal bassoon and one or two assistant/contrabassoon positions; positions are extremely competitive nationally); chamber music ensembles (woodwind quintets and chamber orchestras); theme-park ensembles at Walt Disney World (the parade and seasonal orchestras include bassoon); cruise-line orchestras; private studio teaching; military service bands (where bassoon positions are present); and professional reed-making as a niche side income.
Special Information
SCNS Transferability
Applied music courses with prefixes MVB, MVH, MVJ, MVK, MVO, MVP, MVS, MVV, and MVW are not automatically transferable under the Florida Statewide Course Numbering System. Per FSCJ's published policy on the SCNS, these courses require evidence of skill achievement (audition, jury performance, or portfolio) and must be evaluated individually by the receiving institution. Students transferring to a four-year music program should plan to audition with the receiving institution's applied faculty regardless of credits earned. The Florida Common Prerequisites Manual (available at floridashines.org) lists state-wide prerequisite expectations for music majors transferring to State University System institutions; faculty in the receiving program place students into the appropriate applied level based on audition.
Continued Audition Standing
Continuation in MVW2324 typically requires successful completion of MVW1314 (or equivalent freshman applied bassoon sequence) with a passing jury and demonstrated reed-making competency.
Reed-Making Daily Practice
Reed-making is not optional for the principal-level bassoonist. Sophomore-year students typically dedicate 30–60 minutes per day to reed-making and adjustment, in addition to instrumental practice. The combined time commitment is among the highest of any musical instrument, comparable to oboe study.
Equipment Investment
Bassoon represents one of the highest equipment costs among orchestral instruments. A professional-grade Heckel or Fox bassoon typically costs $15,000–$35,000+; reed-making equipment adds $500–$1,000 over the first year; cane and consumables add ongoing costs of $30–$60 per month. Most freshman/sophomore students play on intermediate Fox or Schreiber instruments ($5,000–$10,000) or institutional loaners.
Continuation Sequence
MVW2324 is followed by a continuing sophomore semester (often a repeat of MVW2324) and then by MVW3334 at the junior principal level. Successful completion through MVW3334 (by jury) is a degree requirement at most Florida four-year music programs.
Sophomore Recital
Some institutions require a sophomore-year recital at the conclusion of the MVW2324 sequence. The 20-minute recital format is standard, typically including one Baroque sonata, one Classical concerto movement, and one 20th-century work.