51.38 Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing · SOC 29-1171
⚠⚠⚠ Florida grants nurse practitioners autonomous practice — and almost every account of it omits the limit that matters. Autonomous registration covers PRIMARY CARE ONLY. It does not let you practise your specialty without a physician protocol, and only certified midwives are excepted. 11,201 APRNs were registered for autonomous practice as of the 2024 legislative analysis. ⚠⚠ The occupation itself is nearly twice the size of the physician assistant profession — 320,400 employed, 29,500 openings a year, $132,300 median.
Florida has granted nurse practitioners autonomous practice since 2020, and it is real: 11,201 APRNs were registered for it when the legislature last counted in a 2024 staff analysis. The limit that gets left out of almost every summary is what it covers.
| What autonomous registration gives you | What it does not |
|---|---|
| ✅ independent practice in primary care — family medicine, general paediatrics, general internal medicine | ⚠⚠ your specialty — a physician protocol is still required for specialty functions |
| ✅ admitting, managing and discharging patients at health care facilities | ⚠ surgery, beyond subcutaneous procedures |
| ✅ physicians' certifications and signatures, with a statutory exception | — |
The Florida House staff analysis puts it in one sentence: “All APRN specialties are eligible for autonomous practice, however, only certified midwives are currently authorized to practice any specific functions related to their specialty area without an established physician protocol when registered for autonomous practice.”
⚠⚠⚠ So a psychiatric nurse practitioner who registers as autonomous can independently run a family practice and still needs a protocol to do psychiatry. The same analysis counted 3,458 psychiatric nurses in Florida, of whom 1,093 held primary-care autonomous registration — people holding an independence that does not reach the work they actually do.
⚠ HB 771 (2024) would have fixed exactly that. It died in the Healthcare Regulation Subcommittee on 8 March 2024, and the 2025 statute still reads primary care only. If you read elsewhere that Florida psychiatric NPs practise independently, check the statute rather than the article.
| Role | SOC | 2025 median | Employed | Openings/yr | FL public programmes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nurse practitioner | 29-1171 | $132,300 | 320,400 | ✅ 29,500 | 8 award the DNP |
| ⚠⚠ Nurse anesthetist | 29-1151 | ⚠⚠⚠ $236,590 | 53,800 | ⚠ 2,700 | ⚠ 3, awarding 55 a year |
| Nurse midwife | 29-1161 | $134,040 | ⚠ 8,600 | ⚠ 500 | — |
⚠⚠⚠ Nurse anesthesia is the best-paid nursing role in the United States — $104,290 above the nurse practitioner median — and it has 2,700 openings a year nationally against the NP's 29,500, with three Florida public programmes producing 55 graduates. Pay and access run in opposite directions, exactly as they do in nuclear medicine.
⚠ Nurse midwifery is smaller still at 8,600 jobs and about 500 openings — but note it is the one specialty the autonomy statute actually unlocks.
| Nurse practitioner | Physician assistant | |
|---|---|---|
| Median | $132,300 | $135,880 |
| Employed | ✅ 320,400 | 162,700 |
| Openings a year | ✅ 29,500 | 12,000 |
| Independence | ✅ autonomous in primary care (s. 464.0123) | ⚠ supervised (s. 458.347) |
| Scope | ⚠ primary care for autonomy; specialty needs a protocol | ✅ every specialty, including surgery |
| Employer constraint | none once registered | ⚠ a physician may supervise at most 10 |
| Degree in law | ⚠ no statutory requirement | master's required by statute, matriculation after 31 Dec 2020 |
| Getting in | RN licence first, then graduate school | ⚠ ~3,200 hours of patient contact before applying |
⚠⚠ The pay is within $3,580 and the structure is completely different. Nurse practitioner is nearly twice the profession by headcount and 2.5 times by annual openings; the PA route buys scope and gives up independence; the NP route buys independence in one setting and gives up the rest of medicine.
⚠ And the way in differs more than the way out. A PA applicant accumulates clinical hours in any job that qualifies. An NP applicant becomes a registered nurse first and gets the hours by being one — which is a longer road but a paid, licensed and self-contained one, and if you stop halfway you are still a nurse.
Florida awarded 532 professional doctorates in nursing practice in 2023, against 522 master's in general nursing. NONPF's own trend data: DNP NP programmes 124 in 2014 to 254 in 2021; BSN-to-DNP graduates 934 in 2015 to 3,327 in 2021; entry to MSN NP programmes has levelled.
⚠⚠⚠ But NONPF is an association of faculties, and its 2025 commitment has no regulatory force. AANP and ANCC both still certify master's-prepared nurse practitioners, and only a state board of nursing can set the degree for licensure. Florida has not set one.
⚠ What to do with that: a master's still qualifies you, and the DNP is increasingly what programmes offer rather than what the law demands. Choose on the programme in front of you, not on a deadline that is not binding — and contrast it with the physician assistant route, where the master's requirement IS in Florida statute with a date.
| Rung | FL public institutions | Credentials (2023) |
|---|---|---|
| Registered nursing | ✅ 39 | 10,372 — 5,037 associate, 4,774 bachelor's |
| Doctor of Nursing Practice | ⚠ 8 | 538 |
| ⚠ Nurse anesthesia | ⚠⚠ 3 | ⚠⚠ 55 |
⚠⚠ Roughly nineteen registered nursing credentials for every advanced practice one. The entry to nursing is among the most available things Florida teaches; the advanced rungs are among the least. Plan the graduate step deliberately and early, because you will probably have to move for it.
⚠⚠⚠ If you want to practise your specialty independently in Florida, read s. 464.0123 first. Autonomy is primary care. Psychiatry, acute care, oncology and the rest still need a protocol, and the 2024 bill that would have changed that for psychiatry died in subcommittee.
⚠⚠ Do not choose NP over PA on salary. They are within $3,580. Choose on whether you want independence in primary care or scope across all of medicine, because that is the actual difference and it is written into two statutes.
⚠ Get the RN and work. The 3,000 supervised hours the autonomy statute wants are hours you will accumulate anyway, and unlike the PA route you are licensed and paid the whole time. ⚠ If you stop after the BSN you still have a career.
⚠ Look hard at nurse anesthesia before dismissing it. $236,590 is not a rounding error. But three Florida public programmes, 55 graduates and 2,700 national openings a year mean you should expect to move and to compete.
And treat the DNP as a programme choice, not a deadline. The trend is real; the requirement is not, and nobody will refuse to certify you for holding a master's.
A program is a field of study, one level above a degree — each page says which degrees it covers and which Florida institutions award them. ⚠ The count is institutions that awarded a credential in the field in 2023; it is not a promise that a school runs this exact degree, and it counts something different from the course-based list further down.
Programs worth knowing about if you are considering this career — ⚠ they do not lead to it. Each row says what it is and is not.
Careers filed under the same broad field in the federal classification (HEALTH PROFESSIONS AND RELATED PROGRAMS) — often they share early coursework, and each row says which group it is filed in. ⚠ Worth reading BEFORE you commit: switching between neighbours is cheap early and expensive late.
See every career in HEALTH PROFESSIONS AND RELATED PROGRAMS →
Selected, not exhaustive — the courses specific to this path plus the foundations it is built on. A course number does not identify a course in Florida: always check your own institution's catalog and take a syllabus to an adviser.
39 Florida public institutions teach courses on this path. The count is how many of the 12 listed courses each one carries — it shows where the path is best covered. It is not a statement that a school offers this as a degree; for that, check the institution’s own programme list.
Requirements change. These are the authorities that decide them — check them directly before committing to a route.
Last updated 23 September 2026.